怎么样抓住文章和句子的重点
注意：在做任何一种题型时都要牢牢把握住文章及句子的重点！！！！！！！！
下列单词在解答作者看法题和结论题时用频率非常高，请在考试前务必记住。
..positive一定的support 支持negative否定的, Agreeing赞成 doubtful. 怀疑 critical批评.
Laughter
There is an old saying in English: Laughter is the best medicine. Until recently, few people took the saying very seriously. Now, however, doctors have begun to investigate laughter and the effects it has on the human body. They have found evidence that laughter really can improve peoples health.
Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body, people watched funny films, while doctors checked their heart rate, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. It increases blood pressure, the heart rate and the rate of breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and even the feet. If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial.
Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be capable of reducing the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs. The group which tolerated the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny program. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce endorphins（内啡肽）in the brain. These are natural chemicals which diminish both stress and pain.
There is also some evidence to suggest that laughter helps the bodys immune system, that is, the system which fights infection. In an experiment, one group of students watched a funny video while another group served as the control group-in other words, a group with which to compare the first group. Doctors checked the blood of the students in both groups and found that the people in the group that watched the video had an increase in the activity of their while blood cells, that is, the cells which fight infection.
As a result of these discoveries, some doctors and psychiatrists（精神病学家）in the United States now hold laughter clinics, in which they try to improve their patients conditions by encouraging them to laugh. They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.
1. We learn from the first paragraph that laughter
A) is good for ones health C) has been investigated
B) is related to some illness D) has no effect on the body
2. Doctors have found that laughter
A.keeps down blood pressure B. decreases the heart rate.
C.has similar effects to physical exercise D. increases stress.
3. Which of the following statements is NOT true of laughter?
A.It reduces pain B. It improves the bodys immune system.
C.It exercises the body D. It can cure cancer.
4. In a laughter clinic, doctors
A) laugh at their patients. C) smile when they dont feel like laughing.
B) encourage their patients to laugh D) never sTOP laughing.
5. The writers attitude towards laughter is
A)critical B) doubtful C) positive D) negative.
Play
Play is the principal business of childhood, and in recent years research has shown the great importance of play in the development of a human being. From earliest infancy1, every child needs opportunity and the right materials for play, and the main tools of play are toys. Their main function is to suggest, encourage and assist play. To succeed in this they must be good toys, which children will play with often, and will come back to again and again. Therefore it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a childs development.
In recent years research on infant development has shown that the standard a child is likely to reach, within the range of his inherited abilities, is largely determined2 in the first three years of his life. So a babys ability to profit from the right play materials should not be underestimated. A baby who is encouraged and stimulated3, talked to and shown things and played with, has the best chance of growing up successfully.
In the next stage, from three to five years old, curiosity knows no bounds. Every type of suitable toy should be made available to the child, for trying out, experimenting and learning, for discovering his own particular ability. Bricks and jigsaws4 and construction toys; painting, scribbling5 and making things; sand and water play; toys for imaginative and pretending play; the first social games for learning to play and get on with others.
By the third stage of play developmentfrom five to seven or eight yearsthe child is at school. But for a few more years play is still the best way of learning, at home or at school. It is easier to see which type of toys the child most enjoys.
Until the age of seven or eight, play and work mean much the same to a child. But once reading has been mastered, then books and school become the main source of learning. Toys are still interesting and valuable, they lead on to new hobbles, but their significance has changedto a child of nine or ten years, toys and games mean, as to adults, relaxation6 and fun.
41 The passage tells us that as a child grows up
A. he should be allowed to choose his own toys.
B. He should be given identical toys.
C. He should be given different toys.
D. He should be given fewer and fewer toys.
42 According to the passage, the abilities a child has inherited from his parents
A. determine his character.
B. Will not change after the age of three.
C. Partly determine the standard he is likely to reach.
D. to a large extent determine the choice of toys.
43 Who have the best chance of growing up successfully?
A. Those who tend to overeat.
B. Those who are given a lot of toys.
C. Those who are given toys, talked to and played with.
D. Those who can share their toys with their playmates.
44. We learn from the passage that a child has boundless7 curiosity
A. when he is two.
B. When he is around four.
C. When he is six.
D. When he is eight.
45. The passage is mainly about
A. the importance of pre-school education.
B. the importance of schooling8.
C. The role of play in a childs development.
D. The choice of toys for adolescents.
2005年职称英语等级考试模拟试题
Two People，Two Paths
You must be familiar with the situation：Dads driving，Mums telling him where to go．Hes sure that they need to turn 1eft．But she says its not for another two blocks．Who has the better sense of direction? Men or women?
They both do, a new study says．but in different ways．
Men and women．Canadian researchers have found，have different methods of finding their way．Men look quickly at landmarks9 and head off in what they think is the right direction Women, however,try to picture the whole route in detail and then f01low the path in their head.
Women tend to be more detailed11．said Edward Cornell，who led the study。while men tend to be a little bit faster anda little bit more intuitive
In fact．said Cornell．sense of directionisnt one skill but two．
The first is thesurvey method，．This is when you see an area from above，such as a printed map. You can see．for example，where the hospital is，where the church is and that the supermarket is on its right
The second skill is theroute methodThis is when you use a series of directions．Yon start from the hospital．then turn 1eft．turn right，go uphilland then you see the supermarket．
Men are more likely to use the survey method while women are more likely to use one route and follow directions
Both work．and neither is better
Some scientists insist that these different skills have a long history．They argue it is because of the difference in traditional roles．
In ancient times．young men often went far away with the older men to fish or hunt The trip took hours or days and covered unfamiliar12 places．The only way to know where you were was to use the survey method to remember landmarksthe mountains．the 1akes and so on．
The women，on the other hand，took young girls out to find fruits and plants．These activities were much closer to home but required learning wellused paths．So，womens sense of space was based on learning certain routes
31 Women are more likely to use
A the survey method B the traditional method．
C the route method D the right method
32 When finding his way Dad tends to rely on
A his intuitive knowledge B his book knowledge
C Mums assistance D the polices assistance
33 Which works better the route method or the survey method?
A The survey method B The route method．
C Either D Neither
34 Which of the following is NOT a landmark10?
A Along river B A high mountain．
C A magnificent church D A path in your head
35 Women developed a sense of space out of the need
A to go fishing B to go hunting
C to learn well-used paths D to go swimming．
第5部分: 补全短文
第6部分: 完型填空
